Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Plain text

Indicates menu titles, menu options, menu buttons, and keyboard accelerators (such as Alt and Ctrl).

Italic

Indicates new terms, example URLs, example email addresses, usernames, hostnames, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, directories, and utilities.

Constant width

Indicates elements of code, configuration options, variables, functions, modules, the contents of files, or the output from commands.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

Constant width italic

Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.