Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Highlights new terms; indicates filenames, file extensions, URLs, directories, and Unix utilities.

Constant width

Indicates all elements of C source code: keywords, operators, variables, functions, macros, types, parameters, and literals. Also used for console commands and options, and the output from such commands.

Constant width bold

Highlights the function or statement under discussion in code examples. In compiler, make, and debugger sessions, this font indicates command input to be typed literally by the user.

Constant width italic

Indicates parameters in function prototypes, or placeholders to be replaced with your own values.

Plain text

Indicates keys such as Return, Tab, and Ctrl.

This icon signifies a tip, suggestion, or general note.

This icon signifies a warning or caution.