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Chapter 3 Fonts and Colors |
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Chapter 3 Fonts and Colors |
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In Java 1.1, AWT provides access to desktop color schemes, or themes. To give you an idea of how these themes work, with the Windows Standard scheme for the Windows 95 desktop, buttons have a gray background with black text. If you use the control panel to change to a High Contrast Black scheme, the button's background becomes black and the text white. Prior to 1.1, Java didn't know anything about desktop colors: all color values were hard coded. If you asked for a particular shade of gray, you got that shade, and that was it; applets and applications had no knowledge of the desktop color scheme in effect, and therefore, wouldn't change in response to changes in the color scheme.
Starting with Java 1.1, you can write programs that react to changes in the color scheme: for example, a button's color will change automatically when you use the control panel to change the color scheme. To do so, you use a large number of constants that are defined in the SystemColor class. Although these constants are public static final, they actually have a very strange behavior. Your program is not allowed to modify them (like any other constant). However, their initial values are loaded at run-time, and their values may change, corresponding to changes in the color scheme. This has one important consequence for programmers: you should not use equals()to compare a SystemColor with a "regular" Color; use the getRGB() methods of the colors you are comparing to ensure that you compare the current color value.[1] Using Desktop Colors contains a usage example.
[1] The omission of an equals() method that can properly compare a SystemColor with a Color is unfortunate.
Because SystemColor is a subclass of Color, you can use a SystemColor anywhere you can use a Color object. You will never create your own SystemColor objects; there is no public constructor. The only objects in this class are the twenty or so SystemColor constants.
There are two sets of constants within SystemColor. The first set provides names for indices into the internal system color lookup table; you will probably never need to use these. All of them have corresponding constants in the second set, except SystemColor.NUM_COLORS, which tells you how many SystemColor constants are in the second set.
public final static int ACTIVE_CAPTION 
public final static int ACTIVE_CAPTION_BORDER
public final static int ACTIVE_CAPTION_TEXT
public final static int CONTROL
public final static int CONTROL_DK_SHADOW
public final static int CONTROL_HIGHLIGHT
public final static int CONTROL_LT_HIGHLIGHT
public final static int CONTROL_SHADOW
public final static int CONTROL_TEXT
public final static int DESKTOP
public final static int INACTIVE_CAPTION
public final static int INACTIVE_CAPTION_BORDER
public final static int INACTIVE_CAPTION_TEXT
public final static int INFO
public final static int INFO_TEXT
public final static int MENU
public final static int MENU_TEXT
public final static int NUM_COLORS
public final static int SCROLLBAR
public final static int TEXT
public final static int TEXT_HIGHLIGHT
public final static int TEXT_HIGHLIGHT_TEXT
public final static int TEXT_INACTIVE_TEXT
public final static int TEXT_TEXT
public final static int WINDOW
public final static int WINDOW_BORDER
public final static int WINDOW_TEXT
The second set of constants is the set of SystemColors you use when creating Component objects, to ensure they appear similar to other objects in the user's desktop environment. By using these symbolic constants, you can create new objects that are well integrated into the user's desktop environment, making it easier for the user to work with your program.
The activeCaption color represents the background color for the active window's title area. This is automatically set for you when you use Frame.
The activeCaptionBorder color represents the border color for the active window.
The activeCaptionText color represents the text color to use for the active window's title.
The control color represents the background color for the different components. If you are creating your own Component by subclassing Canvas, this should be the background color of the new object.
The controlDkShadow color represents a dark shadow color to be used with control and controlShadow to simulate a three-dimensional appearance. Ordinarily, when not depressed, the controlDkShadow should be used for the object's bottom and right edges. When depressed, controlDkShadow should be used for the top and left edges.
The controlHighlight color represents an emphasis color for use in an area or an item of a custom component.
The controlLtHighlight color represents a lighter emphasis color for use in an area or an item of a custom component.
The controlShadow color represents a light shadow color to be used with control and controlDkShadow to simulate a three-dimensional appearance. Ordinarily, when not depressed, the controlShadow should be used for the top and left edges. When depressed, controlShadow should be used for the bottom and right edges.
The controlText color represents the text color of a component. Before drawing any text in your own components, you should change the color to controlText with a statement like this:
g.setColor(SystemColor.controlText);
The desktop color represents the background color of the desktop workspace.
The inactiveCaption color represents the background color for an inactive window's title area.
The inactiveCaptionBorder color represents the border color for an inactive window.
The inactiveCaptionText color represents the text color to use for each inactive window's title.
The info color represents the background color for mouse-over help text. When a mouse dwells over an object, any pop-up help text should be displayed in an area of this color. In the Microsoft Windows world, these are also called "tool tips."
The infoText color represents the text color for mouse-over help text.
The menu color represents the background color of deselected MenuItem-like objects. When the menu is selected, the textHighlight color is normally the background color.
The menuText color represents the color of the text on deselected MenuItem-like objects. When a menu is selected, the textHighlightText color is normally the text color. If the menu happens to be inactive, textInactiveText would be used.
The scrollbar color represents the background color for scrollbars. This color is used by default with Scrollbar, ScrollPane, TextArea, and List objects.
The textHighlight color represents the background color of highlighted text; for example, it is used for the selected area of a TextField or a selected MenuItem.
The textHighlightText color represents the text color of highlighted text.
The textInactiveText color represents the text color of an inactive component.
The textText color represents the color of text in TextComponent objects.
The window color represents the background color of the window's display area. For an applet, this would be the display area specified by the WIDTH and HEIGHT values of the <APPLET> tag (setBackground(SystemColor.window)), although you would probably use it more for the background of a Frame.
The windowBorder color represents the color of the borders around a window. With AWT, instances of Window do not have borders, but instances of Frame and Dialog do.
The windowText color represents the color of the text drawn within the window.
NOTE:
Every platform does not fully support every system color. However, on platforms that do not provide natural values for some constants, Java selects reasonable alternate colors.
If you are going to be working only with Java's prefabricated components (Button, List, etc.), you don't have to worry about system colors; the component's default colors will be set appropriately. You are most likely to use system colors if you are creating your own components. In this case, you will use system colors to make your component emulate the behavior of other components; for example, you will use controlText as the color for drawing text, activeCaption as the background for the caption of an active window, and so on. Constructors
There are no public constructors for SystemColor. If you need to create a new color, use the Color class described previously. Miscellaneous methods
The getRGB() method retrieves the current settings for red, green, and blue in one combined value, like Color. However, since the color value is dynamic, getRGB() needs to look up the value in an internal table. Therefore, SystemColor overrides Color.getRGB().
The toString() method of SystemColor returns a string showing the system color's index into its internal table. For example, the following string is returned by SystemColor.text.toString():
java.awt.SystemColor[i=12]
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Displaying Colors |
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